Mpox (Monkeypox): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Prevention Tips

When new diseases make headlines, it’s normal to feel worried or confused. One illness that’s been in the news lately is Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox). You might be wondering: What exactly is Mpox? How serious is it? Could I or my loved ones be at risk? The good news is that, while Mpox can cause uncomfortable symptoms, most people recover, and there are effective ways to protect yourself.

This article breaks down everything you need to know about Mpox in a clear way. We’ll cover what it is, how it spreads, symptoms to look out for, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and where things stand today.

What Is Mpox?

Mpox is a viral infection caused by the Mpox virus, which belongs to the same family as the smallpox virus. It was first discovered in the late 1950s in monkeys (hence the old name “monkeypox”), but the disease mainly spreads among humans through close contact.

Unlike smallpox, which was deadly and eradicated in the 1980s, Mpox tends to be much milder. Still, it can cause discomfort, complications, and—in rare cases—serious illness.

How Does Mpox Spread?

Understanding how Mpox spreads can help reduce your risk. The virus mainly passes from one person to another through close, direct contact, such as:

• Skin-to-skin contact with the rash or sores of someone infected.

• Intimate contact, including kissing, cuddling, or sexual activity.

• Touching contaminated items like bedding, clothing, or towels used by an infected person.

• Respiratory droplets during long, close, face-to-face interactions (less common than skin contact).

Mpox is not as contagious as COVID-19 or the flu. It usually requires prolonged or close contact to spread.

Who Is Most at Risk?

While anyone can get Mpox, certain groups are more vulnerable:

• People who have close or intimate contact with someone infected.

• Individuals with weakened immune systems.

• Healthcare workers without proper protection.

• Children under 8, pregnant people, and those with skin conditions like eczema may face higher risks of complications.

Symptoms of Mpox

Mpox symptoms usually appear within 3 weeks of exposure. They often start like a flu-like illness before the rash develops. Here’s what to expect:

Early symptoms:

• Fever – This isn't your average fever; it can come on strong and feel pretty intense.

• Chills – You might be shivering one minute and sweating the next.

• Headache – This can be a real pounding that just won’t quit with usual pain relievers.

• Muscle aches and back pain – It might feel like you’ve overdone it at the gym, even if you haven’t.

• Fatigue – We’re talking about complete exhaustion, not just feeling a little tired.

• Swollen lymph nodes – This is a big clue—swollen glands (like in your neck, groin, or armpits) are a key sign that helps tell mpox apart from chickenpox.

  
  The rash:

• Typically appears 1–4 days after the fever. – Just when you think the worst is over, the rash shows up.

• Starts as flat spots, then turns into raised bumps, fluid-filled blisters, and finally scabs. – It goes through several clear stages, almost like it has a lifecycle of its own.

• Can be painful or itchy. – For some, it’s mildly itchy, but for others, it can be downright painful—especially in sensitive areas.

• May appear on the face, chest, hands, or genitals. – It doesn’t follow one pattern; it can pop up almost anywhere on the body.

The illness usually lasts 2–4 weeks, and most people recover fully.

How Is Mpox Diagnosed?

Doctors usually confirm Mpox through:

1. Physical examination — looking at the rash and asking about symptoms.

2. Lab tests — a swab of the rash can detect the virus.

Because the rash can resemble other conditions (like chickenpox, herpes, or syphilis), proper testing is important.

Is Mpox Dangerous?

Most people recover without complications. However, Mpox can sometimes cause:

• Secondary infections of the skin.

• Pneumonia.

• Eye infections (if the rash spreads near the eyes).

• Rarely, severe illness or death, especially in vulnerable populations.

The overall risk of death is very low in recent outbreaks, especially with improved medical care.

Treatment for Mpox

There isn’t a treatment made specifically for Mpox, but doctors focus on relieving symptoms and preventing complications.

• Pain relievers for fever and discomfort.

• Fluids and rest to support recovery.

• Wound care for the rash to prevent infection.

• Antiviral drugs like tecovirimat (TPOXX) may be used for severe cases.

Most people can recover at home, but those at higher risk may need hospital care.

Vaccines for Mpox

Protection from Mpox is achieved through vaccines, similar to many other infectious diseases. The smallpox vaccine also protects against Mpox because the viruses are closely related.

• The most commonly used vaccine is called JYNNEOS (also known as Imvamune or Imvanex).

• Vaccination is recommended for people at high risk of exposure (for example, healthcare workers or close contacts of confirmed cases).

Recommended for High-Risk Groups:

• Vaccination is not recommended for the general public. Instead, it’s prioritized for: o People who have had close contact with someone diagnosed with mpox.

• Healthcare workers and lab personnel who might handle the virus.

• Individuals with certain risk factors, such as some sexual health or demographic considerations in areas where mpox is spreading.

How to Prevent Mpox

Prevention comes down to a few simple habits:

• Avoid close contact with anyone who has a rash that looks suspicious. When in doubt, it's best to keep a little space until they can see a doctor.

• Do not share personal items like towels, sheets, or clothing. The virus can linger on fabrics, so it’s safest to stick to your own stuff.

• Be aware that skin-to-skin contact, including intimate contact, can spread mpox. Staying informed about how the virus transmits in your community is key to making safe choices.

• Wash hands often with soap and water or use hand sanitizer. Good old-fashioned handwashing is one of your best defenses.

• Use PPE (like masks and gloves) if caring for someone with Mpox. If you're looking after someone who is infected, protecting yourself is a must.

Mpox vs. Chickenpox vs. Shingles

Many people confuse Mpox with chickenpox or shingles because of the rash. Here’s how to tell them apart:

• Chickenpox: Rash usually spreads all at once, with itchy spots at different stages of healing.

• Shingles: Rash typically appears on one side of the body in a stripe-like pattern.

• Mpox: Rash progresses in a clear sequence (spots → bumps → blisters → scabs), often with swollen lymph nodes.

Living With Mpox: What Patients Should Know

If you are diagnosed with Mpox:

• Stay at home and avoid close contact until the rash has fully healed. This is the single most important thing you can do to protect others from getting it.

• Use separate bedding, towels, and utensils. Think of it as your own personal set of everything to keep the virus from spreading to your family or roommates.

• Cover the rash when possible. Loose, breathable clothing can help protect others and may also reduce the risk of accidentally scratching.

• Keep your doctor updated on symptoms. They can help manage your pain and itchiness, and will want to know if anything changes.

• Seek medical help if you have trouble breathing, chest pain, confusion, or eye symptoms. Don't wait—these are signs that you need immediate medical attention.

The Global Picture of Mpox

In recent years, Mpox has spread to countries where it was not previously common. Outbreaks outside Africa in 2022 raised awareness worldwide. Health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are monitoring and sharing updates.

The good news is that cases have been manageable with quick identification, vaccination, and public health measures.

Myths and Misconceptions About Mpox

Let’s clear up some common myths:

• Myth: Only certain groups get Mpox.
  Truth: Anyone can get it, though some groups may face higher risk.

• Myth: Mpox spreads like COVID-19.
  Truth: Mpox requires close contact—it doesn’t spread as easily through the air.

• Myth: Mpox always causes severe illness.
  Truth: Most cases are mild to moderate and resolve on their own.

The Bottom Line

Mpox is a viral illness that causes flu-like symptoms and a rash, but it’s usually mild and treatable. It spreads through close contact, and prevention is possible with good hygiene, safe practices, and vaccines for those at risk.

By staying informed and following basic precautions, you can protect yourself and others. Knowledge really is the best defense against fear and misinformation.

Related Articles:
1. New COVID Variant NB.1.8.1: How Dangerous Is It? Symptoms, Transmission and Updates
2. Tuberculosis (TB): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Safety
3. Vaccines: What They Are and Why They Matter to You

Sources:

1. World Health Organization (WHO) – Mpox (Monkeypox)
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mpox
https://www.who.int/health-topics/mpox#tab=tab_1

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Mpox (Monkeypox)
https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/

3. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) – Monkeypox
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/monkeypox

4. MedlinePlus – Mpox
https://medlineplus.gov/mpox.html

5. New England Journal of Medicine – Mpox 2022 Outbreak Reports
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2207323

6. The Lancet – Mpox research and commentary
https://www.thelancet.com/monkeypox