Erythritol Side Effects: New Study Links Popular Sweetener to Brain Blood Vessel Damage

A groundbreaking 2025 study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology has uncovered alarming evidence that erythritol, a widely used zero-calorie sweetener, may damage brain blood vessels and compromise the blood-brain barrier.

As erythritol gains popularity in keto, diabetic-friendly, and low-sugar products, this new research raises urgent questions about its long-term safety—especially for brain health.

Key Findings: How Erythritol Harms Brain Blood Vessels

The study focused on brain microvascular endothelial cells, which play a crucial role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB)—a protective shield that controls nutrient delivery and blocks toxins. Researchers found that erythritol:

• Weakens Endothelial Cell Junctions – Leading to increased BBB permeability, which could allow harmful substances into the brain.

• Reduces Nitric Oxide Production – A critical molecule for healthy blood flow and vascular function.

• Triggers Oxidative Stress – Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected, suggesting inflammation and cellular damage.

• Disrupts Energy Metabolism – Potentially affecting how brain cells generate and use energy.

Why This Matters: Should You Avoid Erythritol?

In the US, Erythritol is FDA-approved and commonly found in:

• Sugar-free gums & candies

• Keto-friendly desserts

• Low-carb protein bars

• Diabetic-friendly foods

However, this study suggests that regular consumption could pose risks, especially for:

• People with metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity)

• Older adults (already at higher risk for vascular issues)

• Those with neurological conditions (Eg. Alzheimer’s, stroke history)

What Should You Do?

While more research is needed, limiting erythritol intake—especially in processed foods—may be wise. Consider natural alternatives.

Final Verdict: Is Erythritol Safe?

This study does not prove erythritol causes brain damage in humans, but it reveals concerning cellular effects that warrant further investigation. If you consume erythritol regularly, monitor for symptoms like brain fog, headaches, or circulation issues—and consult a healthcare provider if concerned.

Sources:
Journal of Applied Physiology 
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00276.2025 
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 
https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/healthy-drinks/artificial-sweeteners/
Mayo Clinic 
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/artificial-sweeteners/faq-20058038